![]() ![]() ![]() Keywords: the bird metaphor, freedom of man, constructed identities, the bond between man and society. In that regard, the life of Philothei, Mehmetçik and Karatavuk will be analysed in this paper to indicate the relation between man and society, constructed identities and self-identification and freedom of man through taking into consideration the bird metaphor and the famous quote by Iskander the Potter "man is a bird without wings and a bird is a man without sorrows". The bird metaphorman as a bird without wingscan be counted as the central image which might be affiliated to many characters and their stories in the novel. The novel examines the lives of these people and the transition from unity and harmony to disunity and discrimination, and it questions freedom of man regarding determinism to the religious, cultural, social and national identities which have a dominance on behaviours, acts, thoughts, destiny and life in general. ![]() ![]() At the beginning of the novel Birds Without Wings, de Berniéres displays a utopia-like place called Eskibahçe where people from different religious, social, cultural and national backgrounds live in a harmony and peace without stigmatization and marginalization, as the novel progresses the utopian place becomes an exact opposite one, hence the lives of the people who live in this place also changed by the external powers like the rise of nationalism and WWI, displacement of the Greeks and Turks and ideologies. ![]()
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